{"id":473,"date":"2026-06-19T16:49:03","date_gmt":"2026-06-19T15:49:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/research.dblue.it\/tada\/?p=473"},"modified":"2026-06-22T09:54:55","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T08:54:55","slug":"human-centred-ai-in-air-traffic-control-tada-validation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/research.dblue.it\/tada\/2026\/06\/19\/human-centred-ai-in-air-traffic-control-tada-validation\/","title":{"rendered":"Human-Centred AI in Air Traffic Control &#8211; TADA Validation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p id=\"p-rc_ac721c4477ee0d1d-80\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-path-to-node=\"3\"><span data-path-to-node=\"3,0\">Terminal Manoeuvring Areas (TMAs) are complex and congested environments in modern aviation<\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"3,2\">. As traffic volumes continue to rise, Air Traffic Controllers (ATCOs) managing these convergence zones face an increasing tactical burden<\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"3,4\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"p-rc_ac721c4477ee0d1d-81\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-path-to-node=\"4\"><span data-path-to-node=\"4,0\">In TADA, the objective is to <strong>develop an AI-powered Digital Assistant<\/strong> that <strong>supports approach controllers<\/strong> by calculating trajectories that align with Arrival Manager (AMAN) sequences<\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"4,2\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"p-rc_ac721c4477ee0d1d-82\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-path-to-node=\"5\"><span data-path-to-node=\"5,0\">However, <strong>introducing Artificial Intelligence into Air Traffic Control<\/strong> requires more than just advanced Machine Learning algorithms. It requires absolute operational safety, trust, and usability<\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"5,2\">. To ensure our digital assistant meets these rigorous standards, the TADA Team implemented a detailed Human-Centred Design (HCD) approach to validate the concept<\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"5,4\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"8\">A Human-Centred Design Approach<\/h3>\n<p id=\"p-rc_ac721c4477ee0d1d-83\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-path-to-node=\"9\"><span data-path-to-node=\"9,0\">To guarantee that our solution is truly human-centric, the <strong>validation strategy<\/strong> was divided into <strong>three iterative stages<\/strong><\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"9,2\">. This approach ensured that the system evolved progressively, guided directly by the needs of the ATCOs who will ultimately use it<\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"9,4\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"p-rc_ac721c4477ee0d1d-84\" style=\"padding-left: 40px; text-align: justify;\" data-path-to-node=\"10\"><span data-path-to-node=\"10,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">1. Building the Foundation: Expert Workshops<\/b><br \/>\nBefore any simulation began, we needed to ensure our operational concepts and requirements were sound. In January 2025, the consortium hosted a two-day <strong>workshop<\/strong> at the Milan ACC, <strong>involving professional ATCOs<\/strong> and our External Experts Advisory Board<\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"10,2\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"11\">\n<li>\n<p id=\"p-rc_ac721c4477ee0d1d-85\" data-path-to-node=\"11,0,0\"><span data-path-to-node=\"11,0,0,0\">Participants were divided into groups to review the Operational Service and Environment Definition (OSED) and the Functional Requirements Document (FRD)<\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"11,0,0,2\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p id=\"p-rc_ac721c4477ee0d1d-86\" data-path-to-node=\"11,1,0\"><span data-path-to-node=\"11,1,0,0\">The groups provided <strong>feedback<\/strong> on the initial <strong>Human-Machine Interface (HMI)<\/strong> requirements, ranking their operational importance and identifying potential barriers to acceptance<\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"11,1,0,2\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"p-rc_ac721c4477ee0d1d-87\" style=\"padding-left: 40px; text-align: justify;\" data-path-to-node=\"12\"><span data-path-to-node=\"12,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"12,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">2. Early Testing: <a href=\"https:\/\/research.dblue.it\/tada\/2026\/02\/20\/tada-low-fidelity-simulation-testing-the-concept\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Low-Fidelity Simulation (LFS)<\/a><\/b><br \/>\nOnce the initial HMI concepts were developed, the project moved to the LFS phase in November 2025 at the ENAV premises in Ciampino ACC, Rome<\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"12,2\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"13\">\n<li>\n<p id=\"p-rc_ac721c4477ee0d1d-88\" data-path-to-node=\"13,0,0\"><span data-path-to-node=\"13,0,0,0\">Using a cloud-based simulation platform, ATCOs interacted with an early, low-fidelity prototype of the TADA interface<\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"13,0,0,2\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p id=\"p-rc_ac721c4477ee0d1d-89\" data-path-to-node=\"13,1,0\"><span data-path-to-node=\"13,1,0,0\">This exercise utilised scenarios based on Milano Malpensa airport, featuring parallel runways and trombone arrival structures<\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"13,1,0,2\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p id=\"p-rc_ac721c4477ee0d1d-90\" data-path-to-node=\"13,2,0\"><span data-path-to-node=\"13,2,0,0\">By employing qualitative data collection methods such as &#8220;thinking aloud,&#8221; over-the-shoulder observations, and post-simulation interviews, the team captured reactions and <strong>identified usability strengths and weaknesses<\/strong> early in the development cycle<\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"13,2,0,2\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p id=\"p-rc_ac721c4477ee0d1d-91\" style=\"padding-left: 40px; text-align: justify;\" data-path-to-node=\"14\"><span data-path-to-node=\"14,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"14,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">3. The Ultimate Test: Human-in-the-Loop <a href=\"https:\/\/research.dblue.it\/tada\/2026\/04\/14\/tada-prepares-for-real-time-simulation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Real-Time Simulation (RTS)<\/a><\/b><br \/>\nThe capstone of the TADA validation plan was the <strong>Real-Time Simulation (RTS)<\/strong>, which took place in April 2026, also at Ciampino ACC<\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"14,2\">. This phase provided a full-scale test of the TADA prototype under highly realistic conditions<\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"14,4\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"15\">\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p id=\"p-rc_ac721c4477ee0d1d-92\" data-path-to-node=\"15,0,0\"><span data-path-to-node=\"15,0,0,0\">The simulation platform was specifically adapted to create a complex TMA operational environment, requiring three ATCOs to control different sectors simultaneously<\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"15,0,0,2\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: justify;\">\n<p id=\"p-rc_ac721c4477ee0d1d-93\" data-path-to-node=\"15,1,0\"><span data-path-to-node=\"15,1,0,0\">The RTS was designed to <strong>evaluate the operational feasibility<\/strong> of the solution, focusing heavily on <strong>human performance<\/strong>, cognitive workload, and situational awareness<\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"15,1,0,2\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"17\">What Comes Next?<\/h3>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-path-to-node=\"18\">With the RTS exercises now successfully concluded, the TADA consortium is immersed in the data analysis phase.<\/p>\n<p id=\"p-rc_ac721c4477ee0d1d-95\" data-path-to-node=\"19\"><span data-path-to-node=\"19,0\">During the simulations, we gathered <strong>both qualitative and quantitative data<\/strong>. This data ranges from simulation log files (tracking complete aircraft trajectories, speed, and ATCO commands) to detailed usability questionnaires and debriefing sessions<\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"19,2\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p id=\"p-rc_ac721c4477ee0d1d-96\" style=\"text-align: justify;\" data-path-to-node=\"20\"><span data-path-to-node=\"20,0\">By analysing this data, the team is <strong>evaluating how the TADA digital assistant compares to traditional, manual decision-making methods<\/strong><\/span><span data-path-to-node=\"20,2\">. While the exact findings are currently being consolidated, this rigorous, multi-stage validation methodology guarantees that the final TADA solution is being shaped directly by the experts who keep our terminal airspaces safe.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Terminal Manoeuvring Areas (TMAs) are complex and congested environments in  [&#8230;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":480,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10,11,15],"tags":[8,13,19],"class_list":["post-473","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-digitalisation","category-human-machine-interaction","category-validation","tag-air-traffic-management","tag-digital-solutions","tag-human-ai-teaming"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Human-Centred AI in Air Traffic Control - TADA Validation - TADA - Terminal Airspace Digital Assistant<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hoe does TADA prove its concepts and their effectiveness? 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